Comparing Ceramic PCB vs. FR4: Which Is Right for Your Project?
GESP, as a PCB manufacturer, is often faced with the challenge of selecting the PCB raw material. The choice between CERAMIC PCB and FR4 PCB has a significant impact on the pricing. Today, we will present you with a full introduction to the differences between CERAMIC PCB VS. FR4. and how to choose the most suitable for your project. according to our years of experience in the fabrication of PCBs.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
Why we need to Compare Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
The choice of PCB raw materials, whether at the beginning of the PCB design process. or during the manufacturing process. will affect both the cost and the use of the PCB. So comparing Ceramic PCB to FR4 PCB is a critical step in any PCB project. As it ensures that you select the most suitable material. based on your project’s specific needs, goals, and constraints. It helps you make a decision that leads to a successful and reliable electronic device. Today we will go through the following dimensions about ceramic vs. FR4
| Features | Ceramic PCB | FR4 PCB |
| Materials | Ceramic materials | Composites of glass fiber and epoxy resin |
| Electrical Conductivity | Non-conductive (insulating) | Conductive |
| Heat Conductivity | 10-210 | 0.25-0.35 |
| Thickness | 0.1-3mm | 0.1-5mm |
| processing difficulty | High | Low |
| Cost | High | Low |
| Advantage | High-temperature stability, good dielectric properties, mechanical strength, long service life | Conventional materials, low manufacturing costs, easy to process, suitable for low frequency applications |
| Disadvantages | High manufacturing cost and difficult to process Only suitable for high frequency or high power applications | Unstable dielectric constant, large temperature change, low mechanical strength, easy to moisture |
| Types | HTCC,LTCC,DBC,DPC,LAM | IC Carrier Boards, Dual Sided Boards, Multilayer Boards |
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
1.Materials of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Ceramic PCB and FR4 PCB use different materials for their substrates. Which influence their properties and applications. Here are the materials used for Ceramic PCBs and FR4 PCBs:
Ceramic PCB: The primary material in Ceramic PCBs is a ceramic. typically aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or aluminum nitride (AlN). These ceramics offer excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties.
FR4 PCB: FR4 PCBs constructed from layers of woven glass fabric sheets. typically made from E-glass (electronic glass) fibers. The glass fabric provides mechanical strength and dimensional stability to the PCB. The other materials is The glass fabric impregnated with an epoxy resin binder. This resin provides electrical insulation and binds the glass fabric layers together.
2.Electrical Conductivity of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Ceramic PCBs of Electrical Insulators:
Ceramic PCBs are primarily electrical insulators. They do not conduct electricity efficiently and designed to maintain electrical isolation. between components and traces on the PCB. This property is essential for preventing electrical interference. and maintaining signal integrity in electronic circuits.
Dielectric Properties: Ceramic materials used in Ceramic PCBs have high dielectric constants. which makes them suitable for applications. That requiries good electrical insulation and low signal loss. They are often used in high-frequency circuits for this reason.
FR4 PCBs of Electrical Insulators:
FR4 PCBs are also electrical insulators. They designed to provide electrical insulation. between components and traces on the PCB. preventing unintended electrical connections or short circuits. The epoxy resin binder in FR4 materials serves as an electrical insulator.
Dielectric Properties: FR4 materials have moderate dielectric properties. making them suitable for a wide range of electronic applications. They can provide good electrical insulation. while still allowing for efficient signal transmission in standard electronic circuits.
3.Heat Conductivity of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Because the copper in the PCB is easily oxidised in the air. the copper oxide layer has a significant impact on the pad, making it easy to form a false weld. False welds are serious and easily cause the pad and components to be unable to welded. As a result, the PCB will undergo a process in which the surface of the pad coated. with a layer of substances to protect the pad from oxidation.
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic PCBs:
High Thermal Conductivity:
Ceramic PCBs known for their excellent thermal conductivity. This means they are highly efficient at dissipating heat. Ceramic materials, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or aluminum nitride (AlN).
High Thermal Conductivity:
Ceramic PCBs known for their excellent thermal conductivity. This means they are highly efficient at dissipating heat. Ceramic materials, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or aluminum nitride (AlN).
Thermal Conductivity of FR4 PCBs:
Lower Thermal Conductivity:
FR4 PCBs have lower thermal conductivity. Compared to ceramics like those used in Ceramic PCBs. While they can conduct heat to some extent, they are not as efficient as ceramics in dissipating heat.
Moderate Heat Dissipation:
FR4 PCBs are suitable for applications with moderate heat generation. but they may not be ideal for high-power or high-temperature applications. that need exceptional heat dissipation.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
4.Thickness of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Ceramic PCBs of Thickness
Ceramic PCBs are often available in a range of thicknesses. but they tend to be relatively thin compared to some other PCB materials. Typical thicknesses for Ceramic PCBs can range from as thin as 0.2 millimeters (mm) to around 2.0 mm. However, these values can vary depending on the specific application and manufacturer.
FR4 PCBs of Thickness
FR4 PCBs are available in a broader range of thicknesses. Making them suitable for various applications. Common thicknesses for FR4 PCBs include 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.6 mm, and 2.0 mm, among others. These thicknesses are readily available from many PCB manufacturers.
5.Processing difficulty of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Processing difficulty of Ceramic PCBs:
- Higher Processing Difficulty: Ceramic PCBs more challenging to process compared to FR4 PCBs. The ceramic material is brittle and can be more fragile during manufacturing. Which requires careful handling and precision.
- Specialized Manufacturing Techniques:The production of Ceramic PCBs often involves specialized manufacturing techniques. including laser cutting, thick-film or thin-film deposition, and co-firing processes. These techniques demand expertise and specialized equipment.
- Tighter Tolerances: Achieving tight tolerances and precision in Ceramic PCB manufacturing. That can be more complex due to the material’s characteristics.
- Customization Complexity:Ceramic PCBs customized to meet specific design requirements. the customization process may be more complex and costly compared to FR4 PCBs.
Processing difficulty of FR4 PCBs:
- Lower Processing Difficulty: FR4 PCBs considered easier to process compared to Ceramic PCBs. The FR4 material is more forgiving during manufacturing processes.
- Widely Used Standard Material: FR4 is a widely used standard PCB material. and manufacturers have extensive experience working with it, leading to streamlined production processes.
- Standard Manufacturing Techniques:FR4 PCBs manufactured using standard PCB manufacturing techniques. including etching, drilling, and soldering. These techniques are well-established and widely available.
- Easier Customization:Customizing FR4 PCBs for specific design requirements is relatively straightforward. and manufacturers can readily accommodate various design changes.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
6.Cost of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Cost of Ceramic PCBs:
- Higher Material Cost: Ceramic materials, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or aluminum nitride (AlN). are relatively expensive compared to materials used in FR4 PCBs. The cost of raw ceramic substrates contributes to the higher overall cost of Ceramic PCBs.
- Specialized Manufacturing: The manufacturing processes for Ceramic PCBs often involve specialized techniques. like laser cutting, thick-film or thin-film deposition, and co-firing. These processes can be more labor-intensive and require specialized equipment, increasing production costs.
- Tighter Tolerances: Achieving tight tolerances and precision in Ceramic PCB manufacturing. can require additional time and effort, adding to the cost.
Cost of FR4 PCBs:
- Lower Material Cost: FR4 PCBs are cost-effective because of the base material. FR4 (a composite of woven glass fabric and epoxy resin), is readily available and less expensive than ceramics.
- Standard Manufacturing Techniques: FR4 PCBs manufactured using well-established. and standardized PCB manufacturing processes like etching, drilling, and soldering. These processes are efficient and have a lower cost associated with them.
- Economies of Scale: Due to their widespread use in various industries and applications. FR4 PCBs benefit from economies of scale. High demand and standardization result in competitive pricing.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
7.Advantages Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Advantage of Ceramic PCBs:
- High Thermal Conductivity:Ceramic PCBs have excellent thermal conductivity. making them ideal for applications where efficient heat dissipation is crucial. They can effectively dissipate heat away from electronic components, preventing overheating.
- Excellent Electrical Insulation:Ceramic materials are exceptional electrical insulators. making Ceramic PCBs suitable for high-frequency circuits and applications requiring precise electrical insulation.
- High-Temperature Resistance:Ceramic PCBs can withstand extreme temperatures. making them suitable for applications in harsh environments and high-temperature conditions.
- Customization:Ceramic PCBs customized to meet specific project requirements. including unique shapes and sizes. They are versatile in terms of design flexibility.
- Longevity: Ceramic PCBs known for their durability and longevity. They can provide reliable performance over an extended period.
- High-Frequency Applications: Ceramic PCBs preferred for high-frequency applications. such as RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave circuits, where signal integrity is critical.
Advantages of FR4 PCBs:
- Cost-Effective: FR4 PCBs are cost-effective and readily available. They are a standard choice for many applications and offer excellent value for their cost.
- Versatility:FR4 PCBs are versatile and compatible with a wide range of electronic components. They are suitable for various industries and applications.
- Ease of Manufacturing: The manufacturing processes for FR4 PCBs are well-established and standardized. leading to efficient and cost-effective production.
- Standardization: FR4 is a widely recognized and standardized PCB material. ensuring compatibility with industry standards and regulations.
- Low to Moderate Thermal Conductivity:While not as thermally conductive as ceramics. FR4 PCBs can handle moderate levels of heat and are suitable for many electronic devices.
- Economies of Scale: Due to high demand and standardization. FR4 PCBs benefit from economies of scale, resulting in competitive pricing.
8.Disadvantages Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Disadvantages of Ceramic PCBs:
- Higher Cost: Ceramic PCBs tend to be more expensive than FR4 PCBs. due to the cost of ceramic materials and specialized manufacturing processes. This can impact the overall project budget.
- Brittleness: Ceramic materials are brittle, making Ceramic PCBs more susceptible. To cracking or damage during handling or mechanical stress. Careful handling required.
- Complex Manufacturing: The production of Ceramic PCBs involves specialized manufacturing techniques. which can be complex and require expertise. This can result in longer lead times and higher production costs.
- Limited Flexibility: Ceramic PCBs are rigid and have limited flexibility. They may not be suitable for applications that require bending or flexibility.
- Complex Customization: While customization is possible. it can be more complex and costly for Ceramic PCBs compared to FR4 PCBs.
Disadvantages of FR4 PCBs:
- Lower Thermal Conductivity: FR4 PCBs have lower thermal conductivity compared to ceramics. They may not be the best choice for applications that demand exceptional heat dissipation.
- Moderate Electrical Properties: While FR4 PCBs offer good electrical insulation. they may not be as suitable for high-frequency applications as Ceramic PCBs. due to their moderate electrical properties.
- Not Ideal for Extreme Temperatures: FR4 PCBs have temperature limitations and may not perform well. in applications with extreme temperature variations.
- Standardized Material: The widespread use of FR4 as a standardized PCB material. means it may not be the optimal choice for specialized or high-performance applications.
- Economies of Scale: While FR4 PCBs are cost-effective, they may not offer the same level of performance. in terms of thermal conductivity and electrical insulation as Ceramic PCBs.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
9.Type of Ceramic PCB VS. FR4
Type of Ceramic PCB
Application areas are divided from materials:
- Aluminum oxide ceramics (Al2O3): excellent insulation, high temperature stability, hardness and mechanical strength, suitable for high power electronic devices.
- Aluminum nitride ceramics (AlN): high thermal conductivity and good thermal stability, suitable for high-power electronic equipment and LED lighting and other fields.
- Zirconia ceramics (ZrO2): with high strength, high hardness and anti-wear properties, suitable for high-voltage electrical equipment.
Divided from process:
- HTCC (High Temperature Co-fired Ceramics): suitable for high temperature, high power applications such as power electronics, aerospace, satellite communications, optical communications, medical devices, automotive electronics, petrochemical and other industries. Examples of products include high power LEDs, power amplifiers, inductors, sensors, and energy storage capacitors.
- LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics): Suitable for the manufacture of microwave devices such as RF, microwave, antennas, sensors, filters, and power dividers. It is also used in medical, automotive, aerospace, communications, electronics, and other fields. Examples of products include microwave modules, antenna modules, pressure sensors, gas sensors, acceleration sensors, microwave filters, power dividers, and more.
- DBC (straight copper ceramics): Suitable for heat dissipation of high power semiconductor devices (e.g. IGBT, MOSFET, GaN, SiC, etc.), with excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Examples of products include power modules, power electronics, and electric vehicle controllers.
- DPC (Direct Copper Multilayer Printed Circuit Board): Mainly used for heat dissipation of high power LED lamps, characterized by high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical performance. Product examples include LED lamps, UV LEDs, COB LEDs, etc.
- LAM (hybrid ceramic metal laminate): can be used for heat dissipation and electrical performance optimization in high-power LED lamps, power supply modules, electric vehicles and other fields. Product examples include LED lamps, power supply modules, electric vehicle motor drivers, and more.
Types of FR4 PCBs:
- Standard FR4 PCBs: These are the most common and widely used type of FR4 PCBs. They offer a balance of electrical performance and cost-effectiveness. making them suitable for various general-purpose electronic applications.
- High-Temperature FR4 PCBs: High-temperature FR4 PCBs designed to withstand elevated temperatures. making them suitable for applications. where heat is a concern but does not require the extreme thermal performance of ceramics.
- High-Frequency FR4 PCBs: High-frequency FR4 PCBs engineered . to provide good electrical properties at high frequencies. They used in applications like RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave circuits.
- FR4 Flex PCBs: Flexible FR4 PCBs offer the flexibility and bendability of a flexible PCB. while still using FR4 as the base material. They used in applications where space constraints or mechanical flexibility are essential.
- FR4 Metal Core PCBs: FR4 Metal Core PCBs incorporate a metal core layer. typically aluminum, for improved thermal performance. These PCBs used in applications requiring moderate heat dissipation.
- FR4 Multilayer PCBs: Multilayer FR4 PCBs consist of several layers of FR4 material with conductive traces and vias. They used in complex circuit designs and high-density applications.
- FR4 High-Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs: HDI FR4 PCBs designed for high-density circuitry. featuring microvias and fine-pitch components. They used in compact and advanced electronic devices.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
10.Application of Ceramic PCB vs. FR4
Applications of Ceramic PCBs:
- High-Power Electronics: Ceramic PCBs are excellent for high-power electronic devices. such as power amplifiers and power supplies, where efficient heat dissipation is crucial.
- LED Lighting: Ceramic PCBs are widely used in LED lighting applications. due to their ability to handle high operating temperatures and provide efficient heat management.
- RF (Radio Frequency) and Microwave Circuits: Ceramic PCBs excel in RF and microwave applications. where signal integrity and low loss are critical. They used in radar systems, wireless communication equipment, and RF amplifiers.
- Aerospace and Defense: Aerospace and defense applications often require PCBs. that can withstand extreme temperatures and harsh environmental conditions. Ceramic PCBs are suitable for these demanding applications.
- Medical Devices: Medical equipment often requires precise temperature control and reliable operation. Ceramic PCBs used in medical imaging devices, diagnostic equipment, and patient monitoring systems.
- Automotive Electronics: Ceramic PCBs used in automotive electronics. for their thermal performance and reliability. They found in engine control units (ECUs), LED headlights, and sensors.
Applications of FR4 PCBs:
- Consumer Electronics: FR4 PCBs are widely used in consumer electronic devices. such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and televisions due to their cost-effectiveness and versatility.
- Industrial Control Systems: FR4 PCBs find applications in industrial control systems, automation equipment. and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) due to their reliability. and suitability for diverse environments.
- Networking Equipment: Routers, switches, and network cards often use FR4 PCBs. because they provide a cost-effective solution for networking applications.
- Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs): FR4 PCBs are commonly used for PCAs in various industries. including telecommunications, automotive, and industrial manufacturing.
Reliable High-Mixed PCB Fabrication Manufacturer
One-stop PCB Services : Quick Turn PCB, Fast PCB Prototype，Low Volume Customized PCB
Which Is Right for Your Project?
The choice between Ceramic PCBs and FR4 PCBs depends on the balance of factors. such as thermal requirements, electrical properties, and budget constraints. and environmental conditions specific to your project. It’s advisable to consult with PCB manufacturers or engineers to discuss your project’s unique needs. and determine the most suitable material for your application.
GESP Related Blog
Ceramic PCBs: Advantages, Applications, and Key Features
Discover the benefits and applications of ceramic PCBs.
Comparing Ceramic PCB vs. FR4: Which Is Right for Your Project?
Discover the benefits and applications of ceramic PCBs.